Common principles of rehabilitation therapy
Common principles of rehabilitation therapy
1. The principle of being different from person to person is to make rehabilitation treatment goals and plans according to the characteristics of each patient’s dysfunction, disease condition, rehabilitation needs, etc., and timely adjust the plans according to the treatment progress and function.The reasons for the emphasis on individuality are as follows:
(1) Difference in condition and target: if the condition is serious, the intensity of rehabilitation treatment should be low, and monitoring should be strengthened during rehabilitation treatment. Intermittent treatment can be adopted;The treatment intensity of the mild cases can be greater, and general monitoring can be used, or family treatment can be used;If patients need to achieve a higher degree of functional recovery (participate in more vigorous exercise, recovery work, etc.), they need a greater intensity and total amount;People who only expect to recover from family activities can do less intense exercise, as well as recreational and relaxation activities.
(2) Age and gender differences: children and the elderly generally have less rehabilitation treatment intensity and shorter treatment duration.Women should consider the impact of their menstrual cycle when training.Children, the elderly and women all have certain treatments.
(3) Interest and cultural differences: Different personal interests are the basic prerequisites for determining rehabilitation treatment.The right approach to treatment should be one that engages the patient’s interest
(4) Economic and environmental differences: Economic conditions are an important factor in choosing device and monitoring types.The environmental conditions for the implementation of rehabilitation therapy will also be an important basis for the selection of specific rehabilitation methods, intensity and rhythm.
2. The difficulty, intensity and total amount of progressive rehabilitation treatment should be gradually increased to avoid sudden changes, so as to ensure the body’s gradual adaptation to exercise load or related treatment.
(1) Cumulative training effect: The therapeutic effect conforms to the process from quantitative change to qualitative change. The stress adaptability of rehabilitation treatment should be gradually established, and the effect expression should be gradually accumulated. Therefore, physiological adaptability changes may not be seen in the short term, so the treatment load cannot be increased too quickly
(2) Learning therapy: Rehabilitation therapy has certain technical requirements, and neuromuscular function reconstruction is also a process of systematic relearning. Therefore, the intensity of rehabilitation therapy should be increased from small to large, the duration of exercise should be shortened from short to long, and the complexity of movements should be increased from easy to difficult, and the number and duration of rest should be increased and shortened from long to short.The treatment is repeated from less to more, and the operation combination from simple to complex, so as to gradually generate psychological and physiological adaptation and avoid extra load.
(3) Establish security: Gradual progress is one of the most important measures to establish security.Sudden changes in rehabilitation treatment or exercise load can cause excessive stress in the body, thus threatening the physiological function of the patient.
3. Persistent rehabilitation therapy with functional exercise as the core needs a certain period of time to achieve significant effects, and the therapeutic effects will gradually fade after the cessation of treatment.Therefore, many rehabilitation treatments need to be sustained for a long time, even for a lifetime.
(1) Maintenance and regression of therapeutic effect: The effect of one exercise training with sufficient intensity may be maintained for 2-3 days, and the effect of exercise training is clearly manifested, which generally requires the accumulation of 2 weeks of training.The accumulated effects of exercise therapy will gradually fade after the training is stopped.The only way to maintain the training effect is through continuous exercise therapy.
(2) Value of behavior pattern: Rehabilitation therapy is an important aspect of changing individual bad behaviors.Therefore, maintaining good exercise habits is an important basis for changing behavior patterns.For example, the value of regular exercise in quitting smoking has been proven by research
(3) Value of rehabilitation prevention: Rehabilitation treatment is one of the basic ways to prevent diseases.Aerobic training, for example, is not only used to treat coronary heart disease, but also to help prevent its recurrence.
4. The patient’s subjective initiative or active participation in exercise is the key to the effect of exercise therapy.
(1) Central regulation of movement: After long-term rehabilitation training, functional remodeling or neural connection enhancement will occur in the motor cortex of the brain.For example, long-term specific actions can promote the formation of movement conditioning, so as to improve the efficiency of motion control and relatively reduce the consumption of quantitative motion.
(2) Neuron recruitment: Since the recruitment of motor units is the performance of central nervous function, the active participation of patients is the prerequisite to ensure the recruitment of motor units.
(3) Psychological participation: Active participation itself is a reflection of psychological state;It is also an active measure to improve mental function.
5. The functional impairment of comprehensive exercise of the human body is the integration of multi-organ, multi-tissue and multi-system dysfunction. The goal of rehabilitation should include psychology, occupation, education, entertainment and other aspects, and the ultimate goal is to return to the society.Therefore, rehabilitation treatment should be comprehensively examined, comprehensive exercise.Because of the nature of rehabilitation, it is not possible to cover all exercise objectives in one way, so the principle of overall exercise function needs to be emphasized.
(1) Multidimensionality of functional disorders: Most of the functional disorders are comprehensive and associative.For example, patients with heart failure not only suffer from decreased heart function, but also abnormal muscles, joints and psychology.The method and goal of rehabilitation training should consider not only cardiac function but also other system functions.
(2) Multiple channels of functional recovery: The basic approaches of rehabilitation therapy include improvement, compensation and replacement, so exercise therapy also shows the same characteristics.
(3) Diversity of exercise means: There are many ways of rehabilitation therapy. Comprehensive application in training is conducive to improving the training effect as well as the training interest.
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